@article {88, title = {Phytochemical Standardization of Serankottai nei (a Siddha Drug from Milk Extract of Semecarpus Anacardium nuts) and its in-vitro Antitubercular Activity against H37Rv Strain}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, month = {March 2016}, pages = {17-24}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {17}, abstract = {

Background: Serankottai nei is a popular Siddha drug, used in the treatment of lung infections including tuberculosis, autoimmune joint diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative osteoarthritis), cancers and neurological pain. Objective: To standardize serankottai nei and to screen its in-vitro antitubercular activity of in H37Rv strain. Materials and Methods: Serankottai nei, a medicated ghee preparation was procured from the SKM Siddha and Ayurveda Co India Ltd, Erode, Tamil Nadu. Unsaponifiable matter (USM) from the ghee preparation was separated and preliminary phytochemical screening was done. Further, USM was dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform and 3 and 6 μl of the above sample was applied for HPTLC fingerprint, which was developed in toluene: ethyl acetate (9.0:1.0). The developed plates were scanned under UV 254 nm, 366 nm, 540 nm and 620 nm post derivatization. Rf, colour of the spots and densitometric scan were recorded. Different doses of USM were screened for in-vitro antitubercular activity against H37Rv strain using Alamar Blue Dye method. Results: Phytochemical screening of 8\% w/w USM obtained from serankottai nei showed presence of alkaloid, phenol, steroid and terpenoid. In HPTLC, there were 15, 5 and 7 peaks at 254 nm, 366 nm and 620 nm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against H37Rv strain of pyrazinamide, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin were 3.125, 6.25 and 3.125 μg/ml respectively. Whereas, the MIC of serankottai nei was 1.6 μg/ml, which was almost 25 to 50\% of standard drugs. Conclusion: Serankottai nei has shown promising antitubercular activity in in-vitro study. Thus, Semecarpus anacardium could be a suitable candidate for a new herbal based antitubercular drug.

}, keywords = {Antitubercular, Semecarpus anacardium, Serankottai nei, Siddha Medicine, Tuberculosis}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.5.1.4}, author = {G Senthilvel and Arul Amuthan and KN Sunil Kumar} } @article {94, title = {A Study on Adverse Drug Reactions to first line Antitubercular Drugs in DOTS Therapy}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {4}, year = {2015}, month = {March 2015}, pages = {7-11}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {7}, abstract = {

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the second leading infectious cause of death in the world. The objective was to study the demographic details of the tuberculosis patients experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and to identify the frequency of adverse drug reactions. Materials and Methods: : It was a prospective observational study conducted in pulmonology department of Institute of Chest Disease, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. All the TB patients admitted at the directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) Center at Medical College Hospital were enrolled and were monitored for ADRs. The causality and severity of the reactions were determined using Naranjo algorithm and Hartwig question-naire, respectively. Results: A total of 511 tuberculosis patients who were on DOTS therapy were enrolled for the study. Out of 511 pa-tients, 93 patients (18.20\%) developed adverse drug reactions. The higher numbers of ADRs were observed in males (68.81\%) and the remaining (31.18\%) was observed in female. Diabetes mellitus (41.02\%) was the most common comorbidity. Most of the ADR occurred in the intensive phase (85.71\%) of treatment. It was observed that pulmonary TB (55.18\%) was more common than extra pulmonary TB. Majority of adverse drug reactions were gastrointestinal (GI) problems (38.09\%). The most serious ADR was hepatitis. Isoniazid was the major drug which caused 34.40\% of adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: About 17.02\% people developed different type of ADRs during the study period. As a pharmacist we have the liability to support the patients during the period of antitubercular treatment. These ADR may steer the patient to make a judgment for stopping the medications and finally the occurrence of drug resistance and an amplified healthcare cost. If a proper educational system is implemented, most of the patients may report their ADR and thereby we can improve the patient adherence and therapeutic outcome.

}, keywords = {Adverse drug reactions, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Tuberculosis}, author = {Athira B and Manju CS and Jyothi E} } @article {184, title = {Antituberculosis Therapy (ATT) Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {December 2013}, pages = {126-128}, type = {Case Report}, chapter = {126}, abstract = {

Thrombocytopenia is a rare adverse effect seen with anti-tubercular drugs. We report an 80 year old male with tuber-cular right pleural effusion, on Category I Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) for 3 weeks who presented with melena and epistaxis. On evaluation, he had thrombocytopenia which was found to be rifampicin-induced. ATT was restarted with-out rifampicin and there were no bleeding episodes. Though, rifampicin is well tolerated, but on rare occasions it can cause thrombocytopenia.

}, keywords = {ATT, Intermittent regimen, Rifampicin, Thrombocytopenia, Tuberculosis}, author = {R. Dinesh Prabhu and G. Vikneswaran and Chultin Lepcha and N. Tombi Singh} }