@article {90, title = {Pediatric Liver Diseases and its Management by Herbals: A Traditional Siddha Medicine Treatise}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, month = {March 2016}, pages = {32-40}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {32}, abstract = {

Siddha medicine is one of the oldest (5000 years old, pre vedic period) well-documented Indian traditional medicines, compared to Ayurveda, Unani, and traditional Chinese medicine, by way of keen observation and experimentation. It mentions 108 diseases that occur in childhood, which are further classified and described into various subtypes based on the clinical features and different stages of a particular disease. The objective of this review was to collect literature details on pediatric liver diseases and its management as per Siddha medicine. We have referred all the published Siddha books related to the pediatric practice. There were 37 Siddha literature deals pediatric diseases and they use the term kaamaalai or chenkamaari to describe the liver diseases. Most of the literature classifies liver disease into 3 types, but few texts describe 5-6 subtypes. Thus, a total of 9 subtypes of liver diseases in pediatric age group have been described in Siddha literature with a list of herbals to be used for each type. Mostly, the drug therapy is polyhedral formulations of internal and/or external application. A total of 113 herbals, 6 animal products (including black chicken liver, dairy products, donkey{\textquoteright}s dung, honey) and 7 mineral based products (including iron, rock salt) were listed as potential agents to treat liver diseases. The safety and efficacy of all the above mentioned herbal/mineral products have not been fully explored in children, but may be a great potential for clinical development.

}, keywords = {Agastyar, Ayurveda, Herbals for Children, Liver disease, Traditional Medicine}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.5.1.6}, author = {G Senthilvel and Arul Amuthan and Shiny Jasphin} } @article {168, title = {Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Vaalai Rasa Chendooram: A Gold Based Herbomineral Siddha Drug}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {September 2013}, pages = {61-66}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {61}, abstract = {

Background: Vaalai rasa chendooram is a Siddha herbo-mineral drug used in the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, AIDS and chronic skin diseases. Literature survey revealed that scientific study was lacking for this drug. The present study was aimed at the characterization of the physico{\textendash} chemical traits of vaalai rasa chendooram. Materials and Methods: Vaalai rasa chendooram was prepared as per Agathiyar siddhar method. The ingredients were sulphur, mercury, gold, alum, potassium nitrate and Aloe vera. The prepared drug was analyzed for chemical properties using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Zeta potential and Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC-TGA). Results: The heavy metals were absent except mercury (0.05ppm), which is below the acceptable limit. Gold (12.91\%) is the major inorganic constituent presented with other heat stable organic compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, serpentines, tannin and lignin. The particle size was 846.5nm. Conclusion: Vaalai rasa chendooram is a heat stable gold-organics complex formulation. Future studies will be focused on the isolation of each organic compounds, evaluation of their pharmacological role and toxicology profile.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Basma, Gold, Metals, Siddha, Traditional Medicine}, author = {S. Shajahan and V. Brundha} } @article {143, title = {Physico-chemical Evaluation of kadukkai maathirai and its Tablet Formulation, a Siddha Iron Preparation used in Anemia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {1}, year = {2012}, month = {April 2012}, pages = {3-8}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {2}, abstract = {

Background: Siddha system of medicine is one among the great heritages of India. Iron deficiency anemia is described as {\textquotedblleft}azhal paandu{\textquotedblright} in siddha system and more formulations are mentioned in literatures to treat anemia. Kadukkai maathirai (KM) is one of the widely used drugs for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia with good patient compliance. It was claimed that this drug is devoid of adverse effects which are seen with other oral iron preparations. Objective: Present study was carried out to standardize kadukkai maathirai by evaluating its physical and chemical properties using modern scientific instruments. Materials and methods: KM was prepared following standard procedures mentioned in the Siddha Hospital Pharmacopeia. Physical properties such foreign matter, loss on drying, total ash content, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extract value and water soluble extract value were evaluated. Amount of iron and heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic and lead were estimated. HPTLC chromatogram and photograph were also done. KM was again formulated into tablet form by standard procedures. Kadukkai maathirai tablet (KMT) was analysed for Angle of Repose, bulk density, tapped density, carr{\textquoteright}s index, Hausner{\textquoteright}s ratio, general appearance (shape, color, texture and odor), thickness, uniformity of weight, coating uniformity, coating process efficiency, hardness and friability. Result: Amount of iron in KM was 18.03\%. Whereas amount of heavy metals such as mercury (0.0578 ppm), cadmium (0.0064 ppm), arsenic (0.0405 ppm) and lead (0.2144 ppm) were within the permissible limit . Conclusion: In KM, iron is combined with few herbals which is claimed to facilitate oral bioavailability of iron and nullify iron induced side effects. As heavy metals are within the permissible limit, KM could be considered as safe drug. HPTLC fingerprint could serve for future references

}, keywords = {Anemia, Ayurveda, Herbometallic, Iron deficiency, Traditional Medicine}, author = {Velayudam and Ilavarasan and Arul Amuthan} }