@article {273, title = {ENT Medications Therapeutic Interchanges: A Narrative Review}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {128-130}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {128}, abstract = {

Objective: To analysis the ENT medications therapeutic interchanges therapy. Methods: It is an extensive search, or fifty databases comprised the following through the Saudi Digital Library (SDL) searching engine. It included the various types of studies (meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies and observational studies) in the English language with human study only for the update May 2017. The search in terms of therapeutic interchange, medication, therapy and type of disease or medication base on therapeutics class of anti-psychiatric. The medication list and switch from one drug to another based on the literature found the search that has included comparative safety, efficacy and cost of the type of medication for each disease and national or international evidence-based guidelines. Results: The total number of studies after an extensive search with a specific term search was 487 studies. Of those, there were 107 duplicated studies, and 380 studies included for future assessment. After assessment, 375 Records were excluded due to non-ENT therapeutics interchange. Of the previous search, there were 5 review studies that had been found discussed the ENT medications therapeutic interchanges. Conclusion: There are no randomized controlled or observational studies about ear, nose, throat therapeutic interchange. The ENT therapeutic guidelines as evidence sources of therapeutic interchange in this subject.

}, keywords = {Ear, ENT, Literature, Nose, Review, Therapeutic interchanges, Throat}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2020.9.26}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Faiz Abdullah. Bahadig} } @article {152, title = {Trends in Prescribing Antimicrobials in an ENT Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {1}, year = {2012}, month = {April 2012}, pages = {15-18}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {15}, abstract = {

Background: The drug utilization study identifies the problems that arise from drug usage in healthcare delivery system and highlights the current approaches to the rational use of drugs. Objective: To study the trends in prescribing antimicrobials in an ENT outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Materials and method: An observational study was conducted in the OPD of ENT at Bapuji Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India from May to July 2011. Prescriptions of all patients were collected; relevant information entered in a preformed proforma and analyzed using the drug utilization 90\% [(DU-90\%)] method. The results were presented in percentages and analyzed using DU-90\% method. Result: A total of 300 prescriptions were analyzed. The common cases for which antimicrobials prescribed were infections like pharyngitis, acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), tonsillitis, laryngitis. It was noted that 142 patients (47.33\%) received amoxicillin alone, 52 patients (17.33\%) received combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, 43 patients (14.33\%) received cefixime, 40 patients (13.33\%) received cefuroxime and 23 patients (7.66\%) received azithromycin, levofloxacin and other antimicrobials. Conclusion: The present study showed that among the various antimicrobials used, only four antimicrobials figured in DU-90\% segment which were amoxicillin, combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and cephalosporins like cefixime and cefuroxime. Though azithromycin and levofloxacin are also frequently used drugs in upper respiratory tract infections, in this study they did not figure in the DU-90\% segment.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobials, DU-90\%, ENT, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection}, author = {K.Ramachandra and Narendranath Sanji and H.S. Somashekar3 and Abhishek Acharya and Keerthi Sagar J and Susheela Somappa Halemani} }