@article {72, title = {A Study on Siddha Urinary Diagnostic Methodology Neerkkuri and Neikkuri in Adhiratha Azhutham (Hypertension)}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, month = {October 2017}, pages = {6-14}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {6}, abstract = {

Background: In Siddha system of medicine, diagnosis of the disease is based on Ennvagai thervukal (Eight fold examination), in which Neerkkuri Neikkuri (Urine examination) is one among them. It is an effective and sensitive measure for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Objectives: This study was conducted to establish the validity of prognostic and diagnostic patterns of Neikkuri (Oil on urine sign)in hypertension patients and to assess the association between the Neikkuri patterns with respect to pH and specific gravity of urine. Methods and Material: Urine samples of 40 diagnosed patients of hypertension aged between 30 to 60 years were collected. Ten healthy volunteers were also selected as control group for comparison. Biochemical analysis was done in the urine samples with urine reagent strip to confirm health status of the subjects. A drop of sesame oil was dropped over 50 ml of each urine sample and behaviour (shape of the oil spread, direction and spread time) was observed. Results: Half of the samples of urine of hypertension patients showed circular shape initially and then vacuolating to turn out into a sieve pattern and in remaining others at least a single vacuolation amounting to ring pattern indicative of Pitham were shown. Also, the urine of the hypertension patients were characterised by straw colour and aromatic odour, absence of froth and specific gravity 1.003-1.010.Volume of urine voided ranged from 1-1.5 lit and pH between 5.1-6.In most of the cases the dissemination dynamics of oil drop observed were of slow spreading nature which indicates good prognosis. Conclusion: It is concluded that hypertension has got mixed prognosis which may indicate the variation in the amenability of hypertension to the treatment. The study explored the veracity of the investigative procedure in diagnosis and prognosis of hypertension with Neikkuri examination.

}, keywords = {Athiratha Azhutham, Hypertension, Neerkkuri, Oil on Urine Sign, Siddha, Urine Examination}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.6.1.2}, author = {Sardar Hussain Fasila Banu and Padmini Parvathy and Srinivasan Venkatachalam and Murugan Ramamurthy and Selladurai Elansekaran and Gnanaraj Johnson Christian} } @article {93, title = {Evaluation of Changes in Bleeding Time in Hypertensive Patients on Amlodipine - A Prospective Observational Study}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, month = {June 2016}, pages = {45-48}, type = {Research Articles}, chapter = {45}, abstract = {

Background: Platelet hyperactivity is a risk factor in hypertensive patients that paves the way to atherothrombosis causing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Counteracting platelet aggregation is an established step in preventing thrombotic events. Calcium channel blockers are one among the recommended antihypertensive agents according to 2013 ESH/ESC (European Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology) guidelines. In addition to lowering blood pressure they are known to have antiplatelet activity. Dihydropyridine class of L-type calcium channel blockers are the most potent group and shares this activity. Anti-platelet aggregatory effect of these agents could supplement its anti-hypertensive property and could prove to be desirable in the treatment of hypertensives with high risk of atherosclerotic and thromboembolic risk. So the present study aims to explore the anti-platelet activity of Amlodipine. Objectives: To evaluate the anti-platelet activity of Amlodipine in hypertensive patients. Methods and Materials: Sixty subjects were enrolled in the study. Test group comprised of thirty patients with essential hypertension, who were prescribed Tab Amlodipine at doses 5 mg or 10 mg once daily orally. Patients included in study group were regularly on Amlodipine for at least one month. 30 normotensive subjects, who are not on any drug affecting platelet function like Aspirin, dipyridamole, statins etc. acted as control group.Duke method of Bleeding time estimation was used to assess changes in Bleeding time. Statistical analysis: Student{\textquoteright}s unpaired t-test was used to compare Amlodipine test group with the normotensive control group. Results were expressed as Mean bleeding time {\textpm} SEM. SPSS software version 20 was used for statistical calculations. Results: The mean bleeding time of Amlodipine group was 2.214 minutes {\textpm} 0.028 SEM. The control group had a mean bleeding time of 1.998 minutes {\textpm} 0.036 SEM. The result gave a statistically significant p value of \<0.001. Average duration of treatment was 3.683 years. Conclusion: The statistically significant bleeding time observed in Amlodipine group suggest that it has anti-platelet activity.

}, keywords = {Amlodipine, Antiplatelet activity, Bleeding time, Hypertension}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.5.2.2}, author = {Pallavi Mahadeva Kamath and Suresh Surappla Rudrappa and Arun Suresh and Narendranath Sanji and Shashikala Gowdara Hanumanthareddy and Imran Maniyar} }