Anti-psychiatric Therapeutic Interchanges: A Narrative Reviews

Phone no: +966504417712 E-mail: yalomi@gmail.com ABSTRACT Objective: To review the anti-psychiatric therapeutic interchanges drug therapy. Methods: It is an extensive search, or fifty databases comprised the following through the Saudi Digital Library (SDL) searching engine. It included the various types of studies (meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies and observational studies) in the English language with human study only for the update May 2017. The search in terms of therapeutic interchange, medication, therapy and type of disease or medication base on therapeutics class of anti-psychiatric. The medication list and switch from one drug to alternative based on the literature found the search that has included comparative safety, efficacy and cost of the type of medication for each disease and national or international evidence-based guidelines. Results: The total number of studies after an extensive search with a specific term search was 487 studies. Of those, there were 107 repeated studies, and 380 studies included for future assessment. After assessment, there were 20 studies discussed the therapeutic interchange of antiPsychiatry. Of those 20 studies, three studies included for evaluation. Conclusion: Anti-psychiatric therapeutic interchange is seldom finding in the kinds of literature. Few observational studies discussed this matter. Further studies claim to standardized Anti-psychiatric therapeutic interchange in practice.


INTRODUCTION
The management of psychiatric illness had various difficulties. For instance, the response rate to drug therapy, patient's non-compliance and related factors. Besides, switching from one medication to another. [1][2][3] The switching drug therapy from one to another might had serious drug-related adviser events and drug-drug interactions if not considered the properties and advantages of the medication. [1][2][3] As a result, if there is any lack of anti-psychotic medications, there will be critical problems during switching therapy. The appropriate solution is a therapeutic interchange that's switching the medications from one to an equal drug with efficacy, indicators and safety. Various international studies had been done on the antipsychotic therapeutic interchange. [4][5][6] However, the local studies about antipsychotic therapeutic interchange not existed and there are some physician order drug therapy with mentioned alternative drug therapy. The aim of the current study is to reveal the review of the antipsychotic therapeutic interchange system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PubMed. In addition to Google, Scholar searched alone without SDL. It encompassed a variety of studies (meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies and observational studies) in the English language with human study only for an update in May 2017. The search in terms of therapeutic interchange and medication, therapy and type of disease or medication base on therapeutics class. The medication list and switch from one drug to alternative based on the literature found the search, that has included comparative safety, efficacy and cost of the type of medication for each disease and national or international evidence-based guidelines. [1][2][3]7,8 The anti-psychiatric medication interchange list included drug name, general dosing and frequency. All settings of patient care services inpatient or ambulatory care or community services oral medication included. All dosage form medication will be included in the search. All medications should include the Ministry of Health formulary. The location of studies included Saudi Arabia as top propriety if hasn't existed Gulf or Middle East counties included, if not found overall counties included. If not existed the table recommended from authors experiences.

RESULTS
The total number of studies after an extensive search with a specific term search was 487 studies. Of those, there were 107 repeated studies, and 380 studies included for future assessment. After assessment, there were 20 studies discussed the therapeutic interchange of anti-Psychiatry. Of those 20 studies, three studies included for evaluation (figure 1). Other studies did not fit with the criteria. One study for antidepressants interchange, one study for generic olanzapine interchange, one study about fluoxetine and sertraline interchange. All studies had been done in the USA within the period 1975-2015. The number of patients does not exceed more than 25 patients; That is mean the number of patients was few and the number of antibiotics interchange was few. The mainstream of studies were non-randomized controlled studies; most of the studies were observational studies. The cost-saving not documented within all discussed studies (Table 1).

DISCUSSION
The combination field of therapeutic interchange and anti-psychiatric medications had various difficulties. With extensive, comprehensive research with only 17 studies had vital words. However, three studies fit with methodology regulation. After physically searched, very studies might be exploited in the discussion. There are no randomized clinical trials or meta-analysis studies to discuss the therapeutic interchange of anti-psychotic medications. Maybe single medications to alternative interchange study. One old study discussed therapeutic interchange of a class of antidepressant which need to be updated. Another method was used to interchange therapy based on therapeutic management guidelines. The first line therapy must be used and if it not existed the second-line drug therapy should be used as an alternative therapy. Besides, there was some suggestion to used therapeutic interchange by used of among medications therapeutic management guidelines. Further studies are highly demanded to validate psychiatric therapeutic interchange to prevent drug misadventures, drug-related problems and shortage stock of antipsychotic medications. The healthcare institutions appropriately use the suggested list to implement antipsychotic therapeutic interchange at healthcare organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None.

ORCID ID
Yousef Ahmed Alomi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-628X salts. The drug used interchangeably to their salts and trance Versa. The authors and his team suggest the therapeutic interchange medications list recommended of therapeutic drove from update literature and one mental hospital (Table 2). Of the first medications not available, the doctor can use the second one interchangeably. Despite there are no studies to validate it. However, it best indication that's we have to implement the international therapeutic interchange for antipsychotic medications. 9-13 All medications demand further future studies to evaluate the evidence. Therapeutic interchange one of the best tools used in the hospital and community pharmacy that's to keep the medications available over 24 hours and seven days per week.

CONCLUSION
Therapeutic interchange services are highly needed by all medical and surgical services, including psychiatric services. Few studies conducted for therapeutic interchange in psychiatric. However, comparative studies used all alternative methods for interchange therapy. The method was used in international and local  There was a significant difference in the serum concentration between the brand and generic however it is not significantly different in the clinical outcomes There are no significant differences in the positive and negative syndrome scale to assess modification in schizophrenia system